About the author

Tommi Juhani Hanhijärvi

Tommi Juhani Hanhijärvi holds a PhD in Philosophy from Berlin’s Humboldt University and has an M.A. in Philosophy and History. He has taught at the university and secondary school levels and has published several books in English focusing on Socrates, Logic and related subjects. Tommi is also a pseudonymous fiction author.

Dialectical Thinking: Zeno, Socrates, Kant, Marx

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This book introduces the reader to dialectical reasoning. This is a kind of reasoning that is found in sources from different regions and different times, from ancient East Asia and Greece to modern Europe and the contemporary world.

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It doesn't take a degree in philosophy to be moved by the great dialectical thinkers. Dialectical thought is understandable and relevant to many kinds of persons - you may even be a dialectician!

This book shows how a similar formal pattern recurs in many 'dialectical' philosophies. The dialectics considered originated in different regions and periods but the thinking is essentially the same. Dialectical thought is always oppositional and self-relational.

About the Book

This book introduces the reader to dialectical reasoning. This is a kind of reasoning that is found in sources from different regions and different times, from ancient East Asia and Greece to modern Europe and the contemporary world.

The sources focused on in Dialectical Thinking are four: Zeno, Socrates, Kant, and Marx. There are also appendices on Karl Popper and the Frankfurt School.

This book is written in the belief that dialectical thought is understandable and relevant to many kinds of persons. One doesn't need to have a degree in philosophy to be moved by the great dialecticians. One may even be a dialectician without academic training.

Dialectics have many different uses. This territory has not been exhausted by the great names. Despite this, dialectical reasoning is not something ambiguous or mystical. It does not simply keep changing its shape. Rather it has a formal core which is stable through the fluctuations of history.

Two things typify dialecticians. First, they think in contradictions, exposing paradoxes and problems in places where their hearers are not accustomed to seeing these. Second, they are self-conscious in their operations, making of creative or critical thought not only a means to something external but also an end of it own.In a nutshell, dialectics are always about the dynamics of the self. This is the central topic that draws together so many minds from different backgrounds.

About the Book

What do Zeno's ancient Greek paradoxes, Socrates' method of questioning, Kant's antinomies, and Marx's materialist philosophy have in common? According to Tommi Juhani Hanhijärvi, a philosophy teacher at the University of Helsinki, they all share a recognizable pattern of dialectical reasoning — a way of thinking that is oppositional, self-critical, and self-relational at its core.

This book grew directly out of Hanhijärvi's classroom experience. His students kept running into the same problem: existing textbooks treated reasoning as purely deductive or inductive, leaving out the kind of ambitious, generative thinking that makes the great philosophers worth reading in the first place. Where were the big questions about the foundations of knowledge, first causes, and final aims? This book is his attempt to fill that gap for a wider audience.

Each of the four main chapters takes one major thinker and works through their dialectical method in detail. Zeno's famous paradoxes — the Achilles, the Arrow, the Dichotomy — open the book. Socrates' techniques of self-criticism and definition-testing follow. Kant's antinomies and paralogisms get careful unpacking, and Marx's humanistic and materialist dialectics are examined alongside a frank look at what later "Marxists" made of his ideas. Appendices on Karl Popper and the Frankfurt School round out the picture.

No philosophy degree required. Hanhijärvi writes with the conviction that dialectical thinking belongs to everyone, and that readers may discover they are already dialecticians without knowing it.

Additional information

Weight N/A
Book Type Ebook, ePub, Hard cover, Soft cover
Pages

184

Release Year

BISAC I

PHI011000 PHILOSOPHY / Logic

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